ICMP Protocol Attacks: Attacks on the ICMP protocol take advantage of the fact that each request requires processing by the server before a response is sent back. Ping flood is the present-day incarnation of this attack. This has largely been fixed in newer systems. If the packets, when put together, are larger than the allowable 65,536 bytes, legacy servers often crash. TCPIP fragmentation deals with large packets by breaking them down into smaller IP packets. Ping of Death: Attacks involve the deliberate sending of IP packets larger than those allowed by the IP protocol.

UDP Flood: A type of attack in which random ports on the target are overwhelmed by IP packets containing UDP datagrams. This attack exploits weaknesses in the TCP connection sequence, known as a three-way handshake. SYN Flood: A succession of SYN requests is directed to the targets system in an attempt to overwhelm it.

UDP Flood, TCP Flood, NTP Amplification and DNS Amplification are some examples. Volumetric attacks are easy to generate by employing simple amplification techniques, so these are the most common forms of attack. Volumetric Attacks send high volumes of traffic in an effort to saturate a victims bandwidth. Such attacks consume all the processing capacity of the victim or other critical resources (a firewall, for example), resulting in service disruption. These attacks exploit a weakness in the Layer 7 protocol stack by first establishing a connection with the target, then exhausting server resources by monopolizing processes and transactions. Running it against someone elses network or server, resulting in denial-of-service to their legitimate users, is illegal in most countries. Testing ones own network or server is a legitimate use of booting websites.

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